| Title | Pitting of carbon steel heat exchanger tubes in industrial cooling water systems |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2003 |
| Authors | Laycock, N., Hodges S., Krouse D.P., Keen D., and Laycock P. |
| Journal | Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering |
| Volume | 6 |
| Date Published | 2003 |
| ISSN | 14668858 (ISSN) |
| Keywords | Ammonia, Borate minerals, Carbon steel, Chloride minerals, Cooling water chemistry, Corrosion, Environmental impact, Heat exchangers, Iron, Kinetic theory, Nickel, Nitric acid, Pitting, Pitting corrosion, sulfur, Tube bundle, Tube extraction, Water cooling systems |
| Abstract | A model is described for the evolution of the maximum pit depth in carbon steel heat exchanger tubes exposed to industrial cooling water. This model assumes that pitting occurs only intermittently, during relatively short periods when the environmental conditions are outside the safe operating envelope. The model is discussed in relation to a survey of cooling water chemistry and heat exchanger inspection data from nine industrial plants, together with a laboratory investigation of pure iron in pH 8.4 borate buffer solution with and without 0.01 M chloride. |
| URL | http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2942708222&partnerID=40&md5=881fbe8876b7bf570d32c70ae7da1090 |
